The term bulk carrier has been defined in varying ways. As of 1999, the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea defines a bulk carrier as "a ship constructed with a single deck, top side tanks and hopper side tanks in cargo spaces and intended to primarily carry dry cargo in bulk; an ore carrier; or a combination carrier." Most classification societies use a broader definition ...

Liquid bulk cargo includes any cargo carried in closed tanks and poured or pumped into the carrying vessel. This would include: Hazardous chemicals in liquid form Petroleum Gasoline Liquefied natural gas (LNG) Liquid nitrogen Cooking oil Fruit juices Rubber Vegetable oil Gallery [ edit] A milk tank car for bulk loading.

Bulk cargo is classified as liquid or dry. The Baltic Exchange is based in London and provides a range of indices benchmarking the cost of moving bulk commodities, dry and wet, along popular routes around the seas. Some of these indices are also used to settle Freight Futures, known as FFA's. The most famous of the Baltic indices is the Baltic ...

Liquefaction of a solid bulk cargo can occur when excessive dynamic loading, induced by rough seas and vessel vibrations, is transmitted to the cargo. From 1988 to 2015, there have been 24 suspected liquefaction incidents reported, which resulted in 164 casualties and the loss of 18 vessels.

wiki bulk cargo liquefaction formatonormapl. Liquefaction of Bulk Cargo Explained The Shipyard This phenomenon is known as liquefaction and has been the cause for the sinking of approximately ten bulk carriers per year for the past ten years To name a few, in January 2015 the MV Bulk Jupiter sank off .

In 2010, the majority of bulk carrier deaths were attributed to cargo liquefaction. This Standard Cargo has an emphasis on iron ore fines from India and nickel ore from Indonesia and the Philippines, but the advice in it is also applicable to other cargos susceptible to liquefaction. The issue of liquefaction affects bulk carriers of all sizes ...

Last name Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which a soil-like material is abruptly transformed from a solid dry state to an almost fluid state. Many common bulk cargoes, such as iron ore fines, nickel ore and various mineral concentrates, are examples of materials that may liquefy.

Turning to casualty statistics, there were 35 bulk carrier losses between 2010 and 2013 and they caused the deaths of almost 100 crew members. At least seven of the losses were due to liquefaction of the cargo. In the majority of cases, those cargoes were loaded at ports in the Far East. So far this year there have been two losses but they were ...

Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which a soil-like material is abruptly transformed from a solid dry state to an almost fluid state. Many common bulk cargoes, such as iron ore fines, nickel ore and various mineral concentrates, are examples of materials that may liquefy.

He therefore said that another approach could be considered to minimize the risk of catastrophic liquefaction of solid bulk cargoes. A smaller cargo hold would mean that any liquefaction of the cargo in that hold would have less impact on the stability of the ship. Rather than reduce the overall size of the vessel, a longitudinal bulkhead could ...

BULK CARGO LIQUEFACTION SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which a soil-like material is abruptly transformed from a solid dry state to an almost fluid state. Many common bulk cargoes, such as iron ore fines, nickel ore and various mineral concentrates, are examples of materials that may liquefy.

Group A cargoes are those cargoes that may undergo a moisture related cargo failure mechanism such as liquefaction and dynamic separation. In August 2019 liquefaction was the suspected cause for the loss of the Nur Allya, laden with nickel ore. In August 2020, the bulk carrier Zhong Chang He Sheng, also laden with nickel ore, reported ...

Bulk cargo liquefaction incidents during marine transportation and possible causes. 1. Introduction. Liquefaction of solid bulk cargoes on board bulk carriers is a frequent problem whereby a combination of fine particles, moisture and changing pore pressures within a cargo result in the mass acting like a liquid.

This work focuses on investigating the correlation between the evolution of liquid bridges and moisture migration in solid bulk cargo liquefaction. We experimentally investigate the stability of li...

This phenomenon is known as liquefaction and has been the cause for the sinking of approximately ten bulk carriers per year for the past ten years. To name a few, in January 2015 the MV Bulk Jupiter sank off the coast of Vietnam, carrying 46,400 tons of bauxite.

The liquefaction of solid bulk cargo would badly interfere with the shipping safety. Ship motion theory and soil mechanics theory were used in the paper to quantitatively analyze the liquefaction risk of solid bulk cargo during its sea transport. The external environment induced loads on the cargo during its sea transport were modeled and ...

is a serious problem for solid bulk cargo carriers. Liquefaction problems cause loss of lives, total loss of ships and a high cost of insurance. M/V Mega Tars, M/V Sea Prospect, M/V Jian Fu Star, M/V Nasco Diamond, M/V Hong Wei and lastly M/V Vinalines Queen are all totally lost ships with 94 lives lost during 1988-2005. ...

At the beginning of 2015, the dangers of shifting cargoes were once again in the news due to the loss of the 10-year-old Bahamas flag bulk carrier Bulk Jupiter, which was carrying bauxite when it rapidly sank leading to 18 fatalities, an incident which was thought to be caused by the cargo liquefying. The issue of liquefaction remains high on ...

Cargo liquefaction is a well-known risk associated with solid bulk cargoes. Cargoes considered as prone to liquefaction are typically characterized as fine-grained, non-cohesive (the grains remain separated), loosely packed, and wet granular materials. During liquefaction the material changes from a solid to a liquid state, which can cause the ...

A recent report from Intercargo highlights that between 2011 and 2020, liquefaction accounts for the highest loss of life with five casualties resulting in 61 lives lost or 47.7% of the total loss of life in the past ten years. These consisted of three bulk carriers carrying nickel ore from Indonesia, one vessel with iron ore fines from ...

namely, cargo liquefaction describes the phenomenon whereby the partially saturated bulk cargo material (mineral cargoes) loaded within the cargo hold space loses it shear resistance due to sufficient rapid cyclic loading induced from ship vibration, motion and waves, wherein the cargo material that has a solid appearance initially behaves like a …

Cargo liquefaction The most widely-known cargoes of this type are mineral concentrates, although many other cargoes can also liquefy, such as fluorspar, certain grades of coal, pyrites, millscale, sinter/pellet feed, etc.

Solid bulk cargo liquefaction in ships has been responsible for the loss of more than 100 seafarers' lives and nine bulk carriers in the last decade. This corresponds to 10% of recorded bulk carrier losses and 50% of fatalities, indicating the seriousness of vessel loss due to cargo liquefaction.